Mimo ze ciezko pracuje, Kasia ma teraz trudne czasy w pracy

APPENDIX A great

Original admonitions taken from the radio program “Co w mowie piszczy” [‘What is happening inside speech’] generated against the this new variations regarding sibilants, transmit with the 7th off me 3.

APPENDIX B: Matter

Rzadko kiedy dziadek sadza ja sama na kasie. Madzia caly czas musi patrzec czy kasa jest bezpieczna. Nasza gaza nie zawsze pokrywa koszty. Madzia we Kasia maja zakaz ubierania sie w pasiaste ubrania. Cale cialo ma byc zakryte. Czasem chodza do Kazia, zeby sie poskarzyc. Rady Kazia sa malo uzyteczne. Czesto i am mowi „Ziarnko manage ziarnka a uzbiera sie miarka”. Czasami zartuje, ze moj szalony braciak maczal w tym palce. W takich sytuacjach siadam w kuchni i pieke ciasto marchewkowe. Ta mazia, ktora czesto mi wychodzi nie smakuje nawet dziadkowi. A jednak nie jest mi go zal, bo nikt nie jest tak nadziany jak to the.

Although she functions tough, Kasia is certian through a down economy in the office. Seldom does grandfather create their remain alone at the see-aside prevent. Madzia should make sure brand new check-aside stop is secure. All of our shell out does not always safety the expenses. Madzia and Kasia has a ban to your putting on striped attire. The complete body have to be secure. Sporadically, they go in order to Kazio in order to whine. Kazio’s pointers is not too useful. He have a tendency to tells them “Anything saved are a cent gathered”. Either We state jokingly you to definitely my crazy sis has played an excellent area involved. Toward for example hours, I sit in your kitchen and you will cook an effective carrot cake. The substance that frequently efficiency isn’t tasty for even grandpa. However https://kissbrides.com/moroccan-women/, I really don’t have a pity party to possess your because the no one is just like the rich as he try.

APPENDIX C: Mathematical Results

Imply beliefs (remaining column) and you will basic deviations (proper column) out of formant frequencies F1, F2, F3 of preceding (V1) and you will following the vowel (V2) together with formant range regarding V1 and you may V2.

Consequence of combined models consequences Note that new algorithm on lmertest plan we employed for powering combined models showed that even t-values greater than dos just weren’t tall. Throughout the tables exhibited on the Appendix i set people p-values in the parentheses (around three including instances overall).

” tabindex=”0″> In a nutshell, there can be evidence the alveolo-palatal sibilants show signs and symptoms of a modification of this new pronunciation regarding certain young women.

Towards purposes of the present research, half dozen urban centers in the spectrogram of laws was basically determined by setting the new cursor on following the facts:

” tabindex=”0″> The frequency F? is the overall mean of all highest spectral peaks at the given acoustic landmark (mid of frication noise), rounded to your nearby kHz. When you look at the Jesus and you will Shadle (2002) and you may Lousada et al. (2012), it was shown that this computation of F? and its rounding adapts well to finding the endpoint between the two parts of the spectra (low frequency part from 500 Hz to F? (m1) and high frequency part from F? to the highest frequency (m2)) (see Jesyou and you can Shadle 2002: 447 for further pointers). Within the Goodness and you may Shadle (2002), a value of cuatro,100000 Hz is actually receive to have post-alveolar fricatives from Western european Portuguese, and in Lousada ainsi que al. (2012: 10), a worth of step 3,900 Hz is discover to the bust of dental concludes. Yet not, so you can apply so it scale to the present research, we’d to adapt it to your Polish studies, of course (meaning that simplifying) your host to articulation is far more or reduced uniform having corresponding phonemes. Inside our circumstances, we found a F? value of 5,000 Hz for all alveolo-palatals. Thus, m1 is the slope of the spectral regression line for the frequency range between 500 Hz and the corresponding F? value 5,000 Hz, and m2 is the slope of the spectral regression line for the range between the F? value of 5,000 Hz and 11,000 Hz.

The outcomes showed into the section step three derive from 699 tokens (394 that has had /?/ and 305 which has ; 325 tokens were built in the newest supplier phrase and you can 374 during the the words). The newest multidimensional research displayed inside part cuatro.step 1 is based on 1942 tokens.

For the higher volume diversity (5,100 Hz to eleven,000 Hz) there’s a statistically significant difference between them variants, namely, this new slopes of one’s regression traces of the the brand new versions try steeper.

In a nutshell, the results point to high spectral differences when considering Important Shine sibilants in addition to their the versions. The research implies that the fresh new details used in new LDA are capable discriminate to 83.3% of your own research when it comes to fricatives and 91.dos % of your research regarding the newest affricates.

cuatro.2. Sociolinguistic theory

In the contribution, these types of and many other things degree recommend that decades, intercourse, societal group and other societal classes and you may audio speaker qualities are important determinants of phonetic type. Additionally, it’s obvious one to phonetic variation isn’t reducible in order to anatomic differences. It will be contended one to one another age and gender enjoy good character regarding the public shipping of your the newest alternatives away from alveolo-palatals.

” tabindex=”0″> A similar linguistic feature might have been known in the Songyaun dialect off Chinese, where ladies was claimed to restore /?/ that have /s?/ from the practical lexical evaluate /s ? ?/ under the influence of the fresh new Beijinghua “female accent” (Li 2005;Beckman 2012). This situation closely the thing is new chatted about improvements within the Polish. Yet not, it is not needed seriously to believe that the young women who embrace these phonetic alternatives “need to” sound childish or younger. In another situation, the option was driven by peer pressure which is perhaps not teleological. The students female just imitate its co-workers therefore the want to voice childish does not comprise the prime determination on the alter. It will be easy your stereotypes and you will stigmatisations try later on pushed on the brand new variations from sibilants by the old speakers. Non-teleological causes such as this was in fact suggested into the fool around with out-of creaky sound of the American lady (Yuasa 2010).

5. Realization and you will achievement

Beckman, M. 2012. “Straightening the brand new timelines out of phonological acquisition and alter”. Report given at second Workshop into Voice Alter. Munich. Research into the Google Pupil

McMurray, B. and you will An effective. Jongman. 2011. “Just what information is essential for speech categorization? Using variability in the speech signal by partnering signs determined cousin to assumption”. Mental Remark 118. 219–246. /a0022325 Lookup in Bing Pupil

Zygis, M., D. Pape and you may L. Jesus. 2012. “(Non)retroflex Slavic affricates and their determination. Evidence off Czech and you will Polish”. Diary of the Globally Phonetic Connection 42(3). 281–329. /S0025100312000205 Browse for the Yahoo Student